Infertility refers to the inability to conceive a child or carry a pregnancy to full term after 1 year of having unprotected sex. It affects an estimated 1 in 8 couples in the United States.
There are two main categories of infertility:
- Primary infertility refers to couples who have never been able to conceive.
- Secondary infertility refers to couples who have had at least one successful pregnancy in the past but are unable to conceive again.
Some key facts about infertility:
- It is often caused by issues in either the man or woman, but in 1/3 of cases a cause is not identified.
- Common causes in women include ovulation disorders, blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, and poor egg quality.
- Common causes in men include low sperm count, poor sperm motility, and abnormal sperm shape.
- Risk factors include advanced maternal age, history of pelvic inflammatory disease, and previous tubal ligation.
- Treatments depend on the cause but may include fertility medications, artificial insemination, and assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.
Dealing with infertility can be emotionally devastating for a couple. The inability to conceive when desired can lead to distress, depression, anger, grief, and relationship strain. Support groups and counseling are often helpful.
The good news is that treatment options keep improving, and many couples do eventually achieve a successful pregnancy through modern fertility treatments. Patience and perseverance are key.