Osteoporosis - Vitality Health Center

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a bone disease that causes a loss of bone density, deteriorating the bone tissue. This can lead to an increased risk of fractures, especially in the hip, spine, and wrist. Osteoporosis affects around 10 million Americans.

What causes osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between bone resorption (breaking down) and bone formation. As we age, bone tissue is naturally broken down faster than new bone is formed. Other factors can also contribute:

• Low estrogen levels in women after menopause can accelerate bone loss
• Low testosterone levels in men can lead to osteoporosis
• Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intakes weaken bones over time
• Certain medications like steroids may inhibit bone formation
• Lifestyle factors like smoking, excess alcohol, and lack of exercise

What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms. Many people do not know they have osteoporosis until their bones become so weak that sudden strain or impact causes a fracture. Common osteoporotic fractures occur in the:

• Vertebrae (spine) - can cause serious back pain, height loss, or stooped posture
• Wrists - typically from falling forward onto an outstretched hand
• Hips - often requiring surgery and hospitalization in older adults

How is osteoporosis diagnosed and treated?

Osteoporosis is diagnosed through a bone density scan called a DXA scan. This test precisely measures bone density and determines if it's below normal peak density.

Once diagnosed, osteoporosis treatment focuses on strengthening bones to prevent future fractures. This may involve:

• Medications like bisphosphonates to slow bone loss
• Calcium and vitamin D supplements to support bone growth
• Exercise like walking, jogging, or strength-training to stimulate bone formation
• For serious cases, treatments to rapidly strengthen bones

Making healthy lifestyle changes at any age can promote strong, fracture-resistant bones well into old age. It's never too late to take steps to maintain bone health.